Biomarkers

Evidence verdict: Proteomic aging clocks can predict chronological age and, in large cohorts, accelerated proteomic age is associated with disease and mortality. Organ-specific models add biologically coherent signals and cross-population validation. They remain research biomarkers: platform dependence, cohort transferability, disease confounding and the absence of validated intervention thresholds…

Evidence verdict: Biological-age tests can capture risk-related differences that chronological age misses, while each measures different aspects of aging. Epigenetic, proteomic, clinical, imaging and organ-specific clocks vary in validation, reproducibility and responsiveness. No consumer biological-age result should currently be interpreted as a direct measurement of remaining lifespan or…