Evidence verdict: GLP-1 receptor agonists—especially semaglutide—reduce important risks in selected people with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Those outcomes make the class relevant to geroscience. They do not show that GLP-1 drugs extend human lifespan or broadly reverse biological aging, and epigenetic-clock changes…
Evidence verdict: Metformin has strong evidence for its approved diabetes indications and a biologically credible rationale for studying aging. But diabetes cohorts are not healthy-aging trials, and recent reviews identify important methodological uncertainty. TAME is a proposed, multi-site trial whose design is prepared but whose launch still depends…
Evidence verdict: SGLT2 inhibitors clearly reduce important heart-failure and kidney outcomes in appropriately selected patients, including many older adults. Their effects on metabolism, inflammation, autophagy and cellular stress make them plausible geroscience candidates, and recent reviews highlight possible links to aging pathways. But there is no evidence that…
Evidence verdict: Rapamycin is arguably the most reproducible pharmacologic lifespan-extending intervention in laboratory animals, but human longevity efficacy remains unproven. Human studies and the 48-week PEARL trial provide useful safety and physiological data, with selected signals in subgroups, but no demonstrated extension of lifespan and no broad, consistent…
Evidence verdict: Senolytics are compelling in animal models, but human evidence remains early. Dasatinib plus quercetin has shown target-engagement signals in very small studies and feasibility in disease-specific pilots, yet no senolytic has been proven to extend human lifespan or broadly improve healthy aging. Biomarker specificity, tissue targeting…
Evidence verdict: Partial reprogramming can reset selected molecular and functional aging features in cells and animal models, and some mouse experiments report improved tissue function or lifespan. The field remains preclinical for systemic human rejuvenation. The unresolved problems are controlling cell identity, tumorigenic risk, delivery, dosing schedules, tissue…