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In 1943, the Austrian psychiatrist Leo Kanner studied children with unusual behavior patterns that avoided eye contact and had bad or not developed the ability to speak. He first described the disorder that we know today as autism. Back then, autism was considered as a form of mental retardation and/or insanity. American psychiatrist and writer … Read more

World Health Organization defined alcoholism as long-term or occasional drinking of alcoholic beverages. Which also leads to loss of control over drinking and frequent intoxication. Alcoholics think only about drinking. And also continue to drink more heavily despite its obvious consequences. Thay can be physical, psychological, social and economic. Alcoholic is a person who drinks alcohol for … Read more

Allergy (Greek: allos – other, ergein – work) indicates a hypersensitivity reaction of the organism to non-infectious, for health otherwise harmless substances (antigens, allergens). Many of these substances come from the environment. An allergic reaction may cause local or general (systemic) symptoms. Local symptoms are limited to the organ or organ system through which the … Read more

Diabetes (lat. Diabetes mellitus) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose level and metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Diabetes is caused by two reasons: when the pancreas stops completely or partially to produce hormone insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or when the insulin is not effective in the body (Type 2 diabetes). Type 1 … Read more

People have only two dentition: milk and permanent teeth. After the permanent teeth replace milk, in case of loss of permanent teeth there is no longer a third generation of natural teeth which can replace them. Tooth loss, regardless of the cause of loss, brings the question of its replacement: ”Should I replace the lost … Read more

AIDS or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a disease that affects the immune system. This is a contagious and still incurable viral disease for which a vaccine has not yet been found. AIDS is caused by the virus of human immunodeficiency (HIV-1, HIV-2) which is a species of retrovirus. HIV-1 is most commonly found in patients in … Read more

Orofacial pain can be defined as any pain that occurs in the face and mouth, including the nose, ear, eye and throat. It affects millions of people every day around the world, and can be caused by a variety of disorders and diseases. Orofacial pain can be divided into odontogenic and nonodontogenic pain. Odontogena pain … Read more

Orofacial pain can be divided into odontogenic pain (diseased tooth is causing the discomfort) and nonodontogenic pain. Nonodontogenic pain is the tenderness that does not come from the tooth or its surrounding tissues. It can appear in the head, neck and mouth regions. Nonodontogenic pain as a subspecies of orofacial pain can have many causes … Read more

Pain in the face and mouth regions (orofacial pain) can have odontogenic (caused by the tooth) and nonodontogenic origin. Also this pain could be acute or chronic nature. Unlike chronic pain (long-lasting pain that lasts longer than three months and has no physiological justification), acute pain is short-lived and lasts for a limited time, for … Read more

Diving with oxygen bottles, so called SCUBA diving (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), is today’s very popular sport. Number of it’s fans from the mid-20th century is increasing each year. With this increasing number of fans its impact on overall health also expands, thus increasingly engage physicians, dentists, clinicians, and scientists who are involved in the … Read more