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Biology of aging · sirtuinsSirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent enzymes, not a human longevity switchSeven enzymesSIRT1–SIRT7 occupy different compartments and do different workModel-organism signalseveral sirtuins affect stress, metabolism or lifespan in modelsHuman geneticsSIRT6 variants support relevance, not supplement mimicryIntervention gapno sirtuin activator has extended human lifespanEvidence verdict: Sirtuins are deeply involved in metabolism, DNA … Read more

Supplements & molecules · magnesiumMagnesium is essential, but human lifespan extension remains unprovenEssential nutrientsupports energy, nerves, muscle and bone physiologyDeficiency mattersrisk rises with age, illness, medication and lossesHuman associationslower status is linked with frailty, DNA damage and mortality in some cohortsLongevity verdictsupplementation has not extended human lifespan in a definitive trialEvidence verdict: Magnesium is essential … Read more

Supplements & molecules · omega-3Omega-3 has important human evidence, but it is not a lifespan supplementNot one interventionEPA, DHA, ALA, fish and capsules differCardiovascular evidenceoutcomes vary by formulation, dose and baseline riskClock signalDO-HEALTH found small methylation changes in a post-hoc analysisSafety contextAF risk is concentrated mainly in higher-dose, higher-risk settingsEvidence verdict: Omega-3 fatty acids have … Read more

Supplements & molecules · redox biologySulforaphane engages NRF2 biology, but human longevity remains unprovenClear mechanismglucoraphanin and myrosinase can generate sulforaphaneHuman researchmany trials test biomarkers or disease-specific outcomesLongevity gapno trial shows longer human life or broadly slower agingProduct variabilitysprouts, extracts and preformed sulforaphane are not dose-equivalentEvidence verdict: Sulforaphane reliably engages stress-response biology, especially KEAP1-NRF2 signaling, and … Read more

Supplements & molecules · NAD metabolismApigenin has an experimental CD38 rationale, not a proven human longevity effectMechanistic signalapigenin can inhibit CD38 in experimental systemsHuman gapno trial shows slower aging or longer lifeMetabolite problemhuman exposure is mainly measured as conjugated metabolitesFood contextparsley and chamomile studies are not purified-apigenin trialsEvidence verdict: Apigenin is scientifically interesting because CD38 … Read more

Supplements & molecules · senolyticsQuercetin is not an established stand-alone human senolyticTwo evidence streamsdietary quercetin studies are separate from D+Q senolytic trialsD+Q signalhuman target-engagement findings involve dasatinib plus quercetinClinical uncertaintysmall pilots do not establish slowed aging or healthspanFormulation mattersquercetin exposure varies by chemical form and delivery systemEvidence verdict: Quercetin is not established as a stand-alone … Read more

Supplements & molecules · senolyticsFisetin is a preclinical senolytic candidate, not a proven human anti-aging treatmentPreclinical signalcell and mouse studies report senescence-related and functional changesHuman gappublished human evidence remains small and uncontrolledTrial statusregistered studies and protocols are not positive efficacy resultsSafety uncertaintysenolytic-style exposure and product quality need controlled testingEvidence verdict: Fisetin has senolytic activity in … Read more

Supplements & molecules · metabolic healthBerberine has metabolic evidence, not proof of slowed agingMetabolic signalhuman studies examine glucose, lipids, weight and related risk factorsMechanismAMPK and other pathways provide plausibility, not a clinical aging endpointEvidence qualitymany reviews exist, but most underlying certainty is low or very lowSafetygastrointestinal effects and drug interactions matter even with low bioavailabilityEvidence … Read more

Supplements & molecules · AKG and biological ageAKG has a strong mechanistic story, but human geroprotection is still unprovenMetabolic hubalpha-ketoglutarate participates in the TCA cycle, nitrogen handling and dioxygenase biologyMouse signalCaAKG extended lifespan and compressed morbidity in a preclinical studyHuman gapthe widely marketed “8 years younger” report was retrospective, uncontrolled and multi-ingredientABLE testa 120-person randomized … Read more

Supplements & molecules · mitochondrial biologyCoQ10 supports mitochondrial chemistry, but it is not a proven longevity supplementBiological roleCoQ10 participates in mitochondrial electron transport and antioxidant chemistryHuman signalselected cardiovascular and disease-specific findings are stronger than healthy-aging claims2026 result400 mg daily raised plasma levels in older adults without improving muscle mitochondrial function over 12 weeksLongevity gapno evidence … Read more